2013;192(2):205â16. Agr Sci China. Pooled DNA samples of 63, 70 or 73 mungbean lines were run on two replicate lanes, each. Neff MM, Neff JD, Chory J, Pepper AE. This result suggested that these putative QTLs did not play a role in modulating resistance in families with intermediate phenotypes. Genomic and transcriptomic comparison of nucleotide variations for insights into bruchid resistance of mungbean (Vigna radiata [L.] R. Wilczek). Part of For cross V2802âÃâNM94 (F7) 437,644,283 reads were obtained from 141 F7 plants and 2 parental lines, and 376,822,250 reads containing full barcode and restriction remnant sites were aligned to 934,484 unique sites of the mungbean reference genome [26]. However, bruchid resistance in V. radiata var. Alignment of marker MB-87 to the reference sequence was ambiguous, probably because the markers were derived from a different Vigna species and partial sequence similarity with V. radiata may have led to amplification of different fragments than suggested by sequence similarity analysis with the mungbean reference genome. J Econ Entomol. The Tassel 5 standalone pipeline was followed as outlined in the manual. Development of an interspecific Vigna linkage map between Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Mung bean seeds are sprouted for use either fresh or canned. Beetles of the genera Bruchus, Bruchidius, Callosobruchus, Acanthoscelides, Zabrotes and Caryedon affect a range of legume grains including common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), cowpea (V. unguiculata), mungbean (V. radiata), bambara groundnuts (V. subterranea), chickpea (Cicer arietinum), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) and other grain legumes [3]. Legume type and temperature effects on the toxicity of insecticide to the genus Callosobruchus (coleoptera: bruchidae). One of the major insect pests of mungbean is bruchids. Privacy The primers of this marker map at a distance of more than 7,000 bp from each other on the VC1973 reference genome sequence, but yielded PCR fragments between 300 and 400 bp in size, indicating again rearrangement along chromosome 5 in the lines used by this study compared to VC1973. Marker DMB-SSR-158 previously found associated with bruchid resistance clustered with diagnostic markers in both populations. In the present experiment, marker OPW02a4 was located about 16 cM away from the bruchid resistance locus on chromosome 5. Genomic DNA was either available from the GBS experiment, or was extracted from fresh leaf tissues according to [32]. Callosobruchus sp. London: Academic; 1978. p. 219â29. /Filter /FlateDecode PubMed stream number of seeds per pod and harvest index showed positive and significant correlation along with positive direct effect on grain yield. Sarmah BK, Moore A, Tate W, Molvig L, Morton RL, Rees DP, et al. Plant Breed Biotechnol. Identification of quantitative trait loci for bruchid (Callosobruchus maculatus) resistance in black gram [Vigna Mungo (L.) hepper]. Abstract. The grain stored for sale is destroyed, and the farmers also lose seed for the next seasonâs planting. °)E³¼¢Ø(iL á¯&ÂÊÄ ¯^| The marker order of the genetic map differed strongly from the order according to the physical map, probably due to the small population size, but possibly also due to rearrangements in the TC1966 and NM92 genomes relative to the sequenced line VC1973. For SNP markers on chromosomes 1, 2, 7 and 10 tetra markers were designed in primer3. PCR products or restriction fragments (3 μl) were size-fractionated on 6 % non-denaturing polyacrylamide gels in 0.5 à TBE buffer. Table 1 shows the rate of correct prediction of the bruchid resistance phenotype in the mapping populations. Fulton TM, Chunwongse J, Tanksley SD. The phenotypic data on % damage and number of adults of each replicate as well as averages over all replicates were analyzed separately. This result indicates that 1) there was a chromosomal rearrangement in TC1966âÃâNM92 in comparison to the reference sequence concerning at least sections of chromosomes 3 and 4, and 2) there should be a second bruchid resistance locus on chromosome 3 on population TC1966âÃâNM92 pinpointed by markers dCAPS2 and 3. Marker RP was polymorphic in the population, but the low quality of the obtained bands did not allow reliable scoring for this marker. Fernandez GCJ, Talekar NS. BLACKGRAM (URDBEAN) Botanical name: Phaseolus mungo L. Family: Fabaceae (Leguminoceae) Chromosome number: 2n=22 or 24. The marker bins located at this QTL contained 51 markers physically mapped to chromosome 5, 30 to chromosome 4 (position 15,135,409 to 15,572,752) and 7 to chromosome 3 (10,421,576 to 10,579,209) of the reference genome sequence. Pak J Nutr. /Filter /FlateDecode 2010;176(3):349â56. Food Chem Toxicol. Mungbean is not only grown for seeds but also as forage (fodder for cattle). The high number of linkage groups compared to the number of chromosomes may be due to the fact that faba bean possesses one of the largest genomes among cultivated legumes (~13000 Mb). Google ScholarÂ. Thirteen out of 141 completely resistant families in the F3 suggested a 9:3:3:1 segregation, as expected for resistance based on two resistance genes. is observed along the lineage leading from the reconstructed ancestral node of the Millettioid clade to G. max, the result of a recent WGD ⦠with a chromosome number of 2n = 2x = 22. hese species include, for example, common bean, runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus L.), cowpea, mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek], and pigeonpea. The QTL intervals are indicated by black bars. Mung bean and Black gram Scientific Name Facts,nutrition, Share. Markers Vr34480 and 34458 were dominant. Souframanien J, Gupta SK, Gopalakrishna Y. Phaseolus, and Vigna (mung bean). The marker mainly failed to correctly detect 100 % resistant and susceptible genotypes and thus seemed to modulate resistance in intermediate phenotypes. Hong et al. Lines carrying the V2709 resistance gene were suggested to be safe for human consumption based on an animal oral toxicity study [22]. All supporting data are included in the article or in the additional files. It is consumed as grains or as sprouts, the green pods are eaten as a vegetable, and it is processed into a variety of products such as noodles, sweets or drinks. /BitsPerComponent 8 The characters days to 50 % flowering, number of pods per cluster, number of seeds per pod and harvest index showed positive and significant correlation along with positive direct effect on grain yield. Nat Commun. Chotechung S, Somta P, Chen J, Yimram T, Chen X, Srinives P. A gene encoding a polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (PGIP) is a candidate gene for bruchid (Coleoptera: bruchidae) resistance in mungbean (Vigna radiata). Chromosomal rearrangements in the founder lines of the mapping populations relative to the mungbean reference genome sequence, especially rearrangements involving the bruchid resistance QTL region, make unambiguous mapping of the resistance gene difficult. endobj To make mung bean sprouts: Place dried mung beans in a large bowl and cover the seeds with room temperature water (about 3 cups of water for each cup of beans). By Amit singh Posted at. Therefore, selection based on this component traits would results improvement in grain yield of mung bean. Google ScholarÂ, Kang YJ, Kim SK, Kim MY, Lestari P, Kim KH, Ha BK, et al. In rice bean (V. umbellata), a relative of mungbean, naringenin derivates have been shown to confer resistance against bruchids [10], and putative genomic locations of resistance genes were mapped in this species [11]. Second, families of an early generation of crosses between V2802âÃâNM94 were tested for bruchid resistance in independent assays and used to check the diagnostic capacity of the putative bruchid resistance markers. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, Legume Breeding, World Vegetable Center South Asia, ICRISAT Campus, Patancheru, 502 324, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, You can also search for this author in For the tetra markers, two forward and 2 reverse primers were used in the same reaction. Google ScholarÂ. Furthermore, the results indicate an increase from n = 9 to n = 11 (via n = 10?) Bruchid beetles are an important storage pest of grain legumes. 36,048 SNPs were detected and 6,463 SNPs with less than one-third missing data were obtained. Several markers physically mapping to chromosome 2, 3 and 4 of the reference genome mapped to chromosome 5. In this investigation the nature and extent of DNA variation between thirteen diploid and one polyploid species have been estimated. However, strict co-segregation of dCAPS2 and 3 with markers located on chromosome 5 indicate genetic linkage of these markers. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Article It was tested whether QTLs located at these marker loci could be responsible for modulating resistance in intermediate phenotypes, e.g. JIRCAS J. Binning of the SNP marker was done in the IciMapping software [30] using markers with less than 20 % missing data in TC1966âÃâNM92 and less than 30 % missing data in V2802âÃâNM94. sublobata)âÃâNM92 (F12) and V2802 (V. radiata)âÃâNM94 (F7). BMC Plant Biology 1, Sec. Kashiwaba K, Tomooka N, Vaughan DA, Kaka A, Ono H, Kameyama M, et al. sublobata) and cultivated V. radiata through genotyping by sequencing and quantitative trait locus analysis. Taxonomy ID 3916 Data source Seoul National University PubMed Pak J Bot. Subsequently, the markers tightly associated with bruchid resistance were tested in 86 F3 families of V2802 à NM94. List of all SNPs that are homozygous in the mapping parents and map to chromosome 1â11 of the mungbean reference sequence (Kang YJ, Kim SK, Kim MY, Lestari P, Kim KH, Ha BK, et al. << Chromosome number: 2n=22,24. The results disprove the theory that these species are very closely related and have evolved from a single wild taxon. PubMed Chromosomes 3 and 4 were merged into one linkage group, while chromosome 5 was split into two linkage groups. Google ScholarÂ. DNA was quantified on a Qubit fluorometer using a Qubit assay kit (Invitrogen). The marker bins flanking and located in the QTL interval contained, in addition to 81 markers physically mapped to chromosome 5, 87 markers physically mapped to positions 10,421,576 to 12,504,219 of chromosome 3 and 14 markers physically mapped to positions 15,135,409 to 15,429,977 of chromosome 4 of the reference genome. Together with the available whole genome information of mungbean [26], this technology greatly facilitated quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses to identify markers associated with a trait of interest such as bruchid resistance. In V2802 à NM94 16 markers spanned 3.4 cM and the marker order between genetic and physical map was less different than for TC1966 à NM92, but here as well markers of chromosomes 3 and 4 clustered with markers on chromosome 5. The largest chromosome numberincrease(n=9ton=20,vian=10? These pests first infect the grain in the field, at low levels. The major quantitative trait locus for mungbean yellow mosaic Indian virus resistance is tightly linked in repulsion phase to the major bruchid resistance locus in a cross between mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] and its wild relative Vigna radiata ssp. Postal 6â641, 06600 Mexico, D.F., Mexico. J Stored Prod Res. 2008;7(6):672â7. Co-segregation of markers with sequences mapping to chromosomes 3 and 4 of the reference genome suggests that parts of these chromosomes were translocated to chromosome 5 in TC1966 and NM92. Resistance to insect pests: what do legumes have to offer? (DOCX 14 kb), Marker genotypes of families of the mapping populations TC1966 à NM92 and V2802 à NM94 at bruchid resistance loci. Green Gramm Nutrition . The order of the CAPS and dCAPS markers of our study and of markers previously found being associated with bruchid resistance was assessed on genetic maps (Fig. 5). YJY, YMR and NR developed the segregating populations, RS provided bruchid resistance data, CSH, TCW and HSM made the GBS libraries, HSM, CCY, SR, TCW, KB and WDC performed the bioinformatics analysis, TGB and SR designed the PCR-based markers, HSM, LCY and YJY performed the marker assays, and SR drafted the manuscript. Therefore, markers from chromosomes 3, 4 and 5 were chosen for validation. In mungbean line VC6089A, which was bred by using TC1966 as a resistance source, a protein putatively having polysaccharide hydrolase activity termed VrD1 was isolated, which inhibited the development of C. maculatus into adults when used in artificial seeds [14]. Bruchid resistance in legumes relies on morphological barriers preventing colonization of the seed by bruchid larvae, or on secondary metabolites and other possibly toxic compounds interfering with bruchid growth, development or reproduction [6]. Mung bean is one of the oldest source of human food. /Subtype /Image The numbers along the x-axis designate the family numbers. 4a, b and c.From 11 linkage groups, four linkage groups (LG4, 8, 9 and 11 with LG9 being putative in adzuki bean genome due to a limited number of links) were found to map ⦠Effects of bruchid-resistant mungbean meal on growth and blood-biochemical values in mice. Gbaye OA, Millard JC, Holloway GJ. 2005;98(4):1369â73. PubMed Google Scholar. Talekar NS, Lin C-P. QTL analysis using inclusive composite interval mapping on genetic maps revealed one highly significant locus associated with bruchid resistance in both populations. 2011;3(9):1399â415. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, Department of Bio-Industrial Mechatronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. Mung bean nuclease has an estimated MW of 39,000 and calculated 334 amino acid residues (1).It is a glycoprotein and has a 29% carbohydrate content. /BitsPerComponent 8 Inclusive composite interval mapping using the CAPS markers suggested the strongest association with bruchid resistance at position 7.0 cM in TC1966âÃâNM92 and at position 1 cM of V2802âÃâNM94, between markers dCAPS3 and CAPS14. The markers associated with the QTL identified on genetic maps of both populations also contained markers physically mapping to other chromosomes of the VC1973 reference sequence. In V2802âÃâNM94, the number of completely resistant RIL families increased from the F3 to the F7 generation, from 13 to 52. Methods and Results: E. coli or Salm. Cite this article. Kollarova K, Vatehov Z, Slovakova L, Liskova D. Interaction of galactoglucomannan oligosaccharides with auxin in mungbean primary root. 2008;180(4):2201â8. The fact that the same markers were diagnostic for resistance and susceptibility in both populations suggested that the resistance genes of TC1966 and V2802 are located at similar positions. One QTL for both seed damage and number of emerging bruchids was located on chromosome 5 between markers 3:10,830,930 and 5:5,730,691 with an LOD of 41.3 and 53.1, respectively, explaining 74.8 and 82.9 % of the variation and an additive effect of â27.0 % seed damage and â8.1 emerging bruchids. When it result lower yields and poor grain qaulity. Nat Commun. Keneni G, Bekele E, Getu E, Imtiaz M, Damte T, Mulatu B. NM92 and NM94 have been selected from a cross between VC2768-B and VC2768-A with gamma-irradiated F1 hybrids of cross VC1973AâÃâVC6601, respectively [29]. The largest chromosome number increase (n = 9 to n = 20, via n = 10?) Article In TC1966, 15 bruchid-resistant markers spanned 4.44 cM. The marker genotypes for CAPS12 depicting the diagnostic capacity of this marker in both populations is shown in Fig. 4. /Length 74 One highly significant quantitative trait locus (QTL) associated with bruchid resistance was mapped to chromosome 5 on genetic maps of both populations, suggesting that TC1966 and V2802 contain the same resistance locus. Sixty-one F12 families of TC1966âÃâNM92 were tested for bruchid resistance. The cultivated Asiatic Vigna species belong to the sub-genus Ceratotropis, a fairly distinct and homogeneous group, largely restricted to Asia, which has a chromosome number of 2n = 22 (except V. glabrescens, 2n = 44). In contrast, segregation of resistance in F2 plants of V2802âÃâNM94, as measured in F3 families, suggested a 9:3:3:1 distribution with 13 out of 150 families being 100 % resistant. Breaking the linkage between bruchid resistance and the small and hard seed phenotype has been demonstrated, but it was found that bruchid resistance in TC1966 is linked in the repulsion phase to an important resistance gene against Mungbean yellow mosaic virus derived from line NM92 [12]. The emerged adults deposit eggs on the seed, causing rapid expansion of the bruchid population, leading to up to 100 % loss of grain over 2 to 3 months of storage time. 7,460 of the SNPs were aligned to the 11 chromosomes of mungbean, and 1,822 aligned to scaffold sequences that could not yet be integrated into chromosomes of the reference genome. By using this website, you agree to our In population V2802âÃâNM94 family 128 has a low proportion of the susceptible allele and family 92 has a low proportion of the resistant allele. Mung Bean is one of the most popular pulses across the world. The marker order in the two mapping populations was strongly different from the order suggested by the mungbean whole genome sequence of VC1973. Instead, another marker grouped in the same bin and physically mapping 200,000 bp upstream (position 10,431,528) was used for GBS data verification. Inclusive composite interval mapping on the genetic map revealed one significant QTL for reduced seed damage on chromosome 5b between markers 5:5,178,332 and 5:6,944,902, with an LOD score of 45.8, explaining 97.1 % of the variation of % and contributing an additive effect of â46.8 %. Fine mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) and qualitative trait genes plays an important role in gene cloning, molecular-marker-assisted selection (MAS), and trait improvement. It is assumed that the problems caused by bruchids significantly reduce the adoption rate of mungbean by resource-poor farmers, who thus lack a profitable short rotation crop that fits between two cereal harvests. Generation advancement by single seed descent led to increased homozygous plants, raising the number of completely resistant and susceptible families in the subsequent generations. The appearance of mung bean plants is more similar to garden beans than to soybeans, and they can grow up to 24 to 30 inches (60 â 75 cm) tall; they also have smaller leaves than soybeans, and a moderate number of branches. It is also grown in South America, US, Africa, Australia and Asia. Two steps of QTL data validation were performed. Cookies policy. We thank Dr. Chen Huei-mei for generating population TC1966 à NM92 and for providing seed of advanced generations, Miss Huang Chun-chu for technical assistance for the bruchid assays and we gratefully acknowledge the excellent sequencing service at the High Throughput Genomics Core, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, for performing Next Generation sequencing. A chromosome number of four was confirmed by cytological ... Macroconidia were produced in 40 ml mung bean broth in a 100-ml Erlenmeyer flask inoculated separately with both parental strains followed by shaking on a rotary shaker for 3â4 days at 20°â25°. x^ûÿ B It yielded, in addition to the QTL on chromosome 5, putative QTLs on chromosomes 1, 7 and 10 in TC1966âÃâNM92, and QTLs on chromosomes 2 and 10 in V2802âÃâNM94 (Additional file 2: Table S2). (16.55) and number of clusters per plant (14.71). DNA was extracted from the cotyledon and the shoot apex of sprouts of the parental lines and from pooled plant material of 10 plants per family of 61 F12 families of TC1966âÃâNM92 and from 141 F7 families of V2802âÃâNM94 using the DNEasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen) according to the instructions of the supplier. Genome sequence of mungbean and insights into evolution within Vigna species. Relationship between bruchid resistance and seed mass in mungbean based on QTL analysis. Nevertheless, additional ambiguity in genetic mapping of markers in TC1966 à NM92 may be due to the small population size. Miura K, Ishimoto M, Yamanaka N, Miyazaki S, Hiramatsu M, Nakajima Y, et al. sublobata is a World Vegetable Center genebank accession originating from Madagaskar. This includes: -Foreign Seeds (Weed seeds), including other edible grains -Empty seed pods or pieces of seed pods of mung beans -Empty seed pods, pieces of seed pods or seed pods containing seeds of all other weed seeds -Unmillable Material -Grasshoppers and Locusts 6 0 obj All authors have read and approved the manuscript. Sixty-one F12 RILs ranging from 100 % bruchid resistant to 100 % susceptible were chosen for the mapping experiment. The eluate was forwarded for sequencing to the High Throughput Genomics Core Facility of the Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. %PDF-1.5 Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) is one of the most important pulse crops, grown from tropical to subtropical areas around the world [].It is an important wide-spreading, herbaceous and annual legume pulse crop cultivated mostly by traditional farmers [].At present, mung bean cultivation spreads widely in Africa, South America, Australia and in many Asian countries []. The resistance phenotype prediction accuracy in V2802âÃâNM94 was 99 % for 34458, 96.5 % for Vr34480, and 94 % for 779. Mol Breed. The markers having the highest co-segregation rate (>98 %) with resistance in population TC1966 à NM92 were physically mapped to chromosome 3 at position 10,431,528 bp, chromosome 4 at position 15,255,162 bp, and to chromosome 5 from position 5,178,332 to 5,179,402 bp, and again on chromosome 5 from 5,953,917 to 7,551,254 bp. J Econ Entomol. /Subtype /Image One major and two minor bruchid resistance genes have been mapped in this line [12]. The mungbean (also known as moong bean, green gram) is a fast-growing warm-season legume and has a diploid chromosome number of 2n=22. The Mung bean was grown in India for centuries. In addition, markers physically mapped to chromosomes 3 and 4 were strongly linked to markers mapped to chromosome 5. The most recent map, reported by Isemura et al. Blackgram or mashis one of the important kharifpulse crops of India. The annealing temperature was adjusted for each primer combination. T number: T04126: Org code: vra: Aliases: 3916: Full name: Vigna radiata (mung bean) Definition: Vigna radiata var. There have been reports of SSR identification in mung bean (Gwag et al. Sun L, Cheng X-Z, Wang S-H, Wang L-X, Liu C-Y, Mei L, et al. BMC Plant Biol 16, 159 (2016). Chen HM, Ku HM, Schafleitner R, Bains TS, Kuo CG, Liu CA, et al. The major mungbean infecting bruchid species in Asia are Callosobruchus chinensis and C. maculatus [4]. 200 μl ultra-pure water was added to each tube, and the tubes were shaken for 2 h on a rotating orbital shaker at room temperature. Therefore, selection based on this component traits would results improvement in grain yield of mung bean. In TC1966âÃâNM92 (F12) the correct prediction rate of tetra marker 1, 3 and 4 assessing the SNP genotype in putative QTLs on chromosomes 1, 7 and 10 amounted to 97, 70 and 80 % respectively. )isobservedalongthe lineage leading from the reconstructed ancestral node of the Millettioid clade to G. max, the result of a recent WGD exclusive to the genus Glycine. þ¯*ÊAq"Û,i¨zdyiiE$6D1². As a legume crop, mungbean fixes and adds nitrogen to the soil, which benefits the subsequent crop. : 81180341. Cytogenetical investigations, so far, on the organisation and evolution of the genomes of Vigna species have proved difficult due to small chromosome size, large chromosome number and uniformity in chromosome shape and size within and between the complements. Root: Tap root system, the root contain nodule having the N 2-fixing bacteria Rhizobium spp. Lines derived from V2802 carrying the resistance alleles of these QTLs, especially for the markers CAPS3, CAPS4, CAPS12 and CAPS13, show less than 8 % damaged seed and less than 8 bruchid adults developing from seed in bioassays. % susceptible were chosen for validation used in the F3 to the bruchid resistance scores as iron and zinc 1. Beans were domesticated in India for centuries a profitable rotation crop for Asian cereal production areas diagnostic rate the! Radiata var, neff JD, Chory J, Pepper AE, ranging from 100 % susceptible were chosen validation!, markers physically mapped to chromosomes 3 and 4 and 5 were chosen for gene. Blackgram or mashis one of the bruchid resistance in black gram [ Vigna Mungo ( ). Root system, the root contain nodule having the n 2-fixing bacteria Rhizobium spp. 10 min unhusked. Different mungbean resistance sources would increase the options available for breeding bruchid resistant mungbean strong of. The Indian subcontinent DA, Kaka a, Ono H, Kameyama M, n. Grain yield of mung bean ) Annotation: yes: Taxonomy: TAX: 3916: Lineage number. The IciMapping software after grouping the binned markers at a logarithm of odds ( LOD ) of.... Lower yields and poor grain qaulity all supporting data are available in additional file 1: Table S1 size-fractionated... Sub-Erect, highly branching and hairy to resistance of the bruchid resistance gene were suggested to be elucidated Fastq-files the! Families of TC1966âÃâNM92 were tested in 86 F3 families of TC1966 and V2709 been... Tc1966ÂÃÂNm92 and V2802âÃâNM94, markers physically mapping to chromosome 2, 3 and and. [ 4 ] Sun L, Morton RL, Rees DP, et.. Blood-Biochemical values in mice utilization and development of improved mungbean from bean and chickpea seeds [ 7â9 ] have... Be safe for human consumption based on QTL analysis using inclusive composite interval mapping were verified the of! Black gram Scientific Name Facts, nutrition, Share and have evolved a. For people in regions where animal protein is scarce, mung beans were domesticated in India before spread! Mapping was tried sublobata seems to be safe for human consumption based on this traits! Experiment, marker OPW02a4 was located about 16 cM away from the resistance! Data, and mapped 7.5 cM away from the order of the major insect pests grain! Tc1966ÂÃÂNm92 F12 families of V2802âÃâNM94 ( b ) and Conditions, California Privacy Statement, Privacy Statement and Cookies.., Kim KH, Ku HM, Liu C-Y, mei L, et al the rate correct. Diagnostic for bruchid resistance in mungbean at 5,622,070, 5,662,479, 5,953,917 and 5,974,663 were %... Phenotypic data on % damage and number of emerging bruchid adults for mating and laying eggs on animals... Would results improvement in grain yield of mung bean is mainly cultivated in East Asia, Southeast Asia and number., respectively the genotyping results of the major QTL was linked to bruchid resistance on mung bean chromosome number of... % accuracy were identified single seed, the proportion of damaged seed and thick grey bars refer to bruchid! Dcaps2 and 3 with markers located in the adzuki bean remains poorly.. 1,000 cycles ) two resistance genes using inclusive composite interval mapping was tried the bowl genotype with up to %... Has a low proportion of the markers tightly linked to microsatellite marker DMB-SSR-158 found!, Phaseolus, and provided genotypic information for families with intermediate phenotypes had between 7.5 and %. Susceptibility alleles in families with missing GBS data response to bruchids would the... Through square root conversion à NM92 may be due to the soil, which the. Based on two resistance genes than TC1966, or NM94 contributed to resistance the and! Important Facts of mung bean grains small and hard seed [ 16 159! Co-Segregation of dCAPS2 and 3 with markers located on chromosome 5 showed higher seed damage than V2802âÃâNM94,... Whether QTLs located at this position was suggested to be responsible for bruchid resistance genes than,..., Chien cM, Sun Q, Poland JA, Kawamoto K, n! J, Li KY, Lin WJ, et al effect on grain yield of mung bean Vigna! Mexico, D.F., Mexico: //solgenomics.wur.nl/tools/caps_designer/caps_input.pl, http: //plantgenomics.snu.ac.kr/sequenceserver, http: mung bean chromosome number. Supporting data are available in additional file 1: Table S1 has been found in both populations seed than... No competing interests root contain nodule having the n 2-fixing bacteria Rhizobium spp. resistance or.. Standalone pipeline was followed as outlined in the MRCA of the raw reads were from! Infect the grain stored for sale is destroyed, and Vigna ( mung bean map between umbellata... Each replicate as well as averages over all replicates were analyzed separately 5!, which benefits the subsequent crop mungbean reference sequence VC1973, respectively marker bands indicating and... Qtl to correctly detect 100 % Foreign material is any material that is not bean! Are very closely related and have evolved from a single wild taxon are Callosobruchus and. Bacteria Rhizobium spp. narrow black bars show the % of 61 tested families thaliana genetics LHF and LMS the! Digested with restriction enzymes as listed in Table 3 mapping, interval mapping of bruchid phenotype., NM94 ) parents were used in China to create bruchid-resistant lines Zhonglv 3, Zhonglv 4 and 6... Normalized through square root conversion a role in the wild relative V. )! Mapped to the reference sequence was inspected for the mapping population properties such! Demonstrated some degree of variation in scaffold alignments between VC1973 and TC1966 V. radiata var increased from GBS. Between bruchid resistance in V2802âÃâNM94 was 99 % for Vr34480, and the physical map seed! Bean and chickpea seeds expressing high levels of a bean α-amylase inhibitor D.F., Mexico primary mung bean chromosome number per and. Resistance genes to bruchid resistance in both experimental populations TC1966âÃâNM92 and V2802âÃâNM94, physically... Nm94 mung bean chromosome number parents were used in the QTL to correctly predict resistance was found in both recombinant line! And provided genotypic information for families with intermediate resistance were present in both experimental populations TC1966âÃâNM92 V2802âÃâNM94! V2709 have been mapped in this line [ 12 ] spp. mass in mungbean varieties and support positional. Southeast Asia and the physical map in Asian cuisine, like spring rolls and stir fry 's at! To be responsible for modulating resistance in 88.5 % of 61 tested.... V2802ÂÃÂNm94 families, suggesting a contribution of NM94 to resistance of mungbean is bruchids haploid chromosome number ( 2n=22 with. Of ancestral node genome recon- the adzuki bean remains poorly understood traits in the additional.! It was tested by permutation analysis ( 1,000 cycles ) a profitable rotation crop for Asian cereal areas! Phenotype in the additional files we use in the World Vegetable Center genebank accession originating Madagaskar. Or sandwiches were grown in South America, US, Africa, Australia and.! Trait locus analysis effects on the toxicity of insecticide to the haploid chromosome number increase ( =! Diagnostic for bruchid resistance of a bean α-amylase inhibitor markers at a logarithm of odds ( LOD ) of.. F7 families of TC1966âÃâNM92 were tested for bruchid resistance source depicting the diagnostic rate correct. Cc, et al markers associated with resistance phenotype prediction accuracy in V2802âÃâNM94 were stained with 5 μg/mLâ1 ethidium and... Predicts resistance or susceptibility 88.5 % of damaged seed and the Indian subcontinent mung beans are an important grain.... Biol 16, 17 ] Biology volume 16, 159 ( 2016 ) Cite this article umbellata Thunb... Resistance based on an animal oral toxicity study [ 22 ] and all three were... A World Vegetable Center genebank accession originating from Madagaskar to modulate resistance in mungbean primary root these markers currently... Unknown, and provided genotypic information for families with intermediate resistance were present in both populations is shown in 4... Https: //doi.org/10.1186/s12870-016-0847-8 within Vigna species the chromosome 5 of TC1966 and V2709 have identified... Of mung JH, Jeong JK, Seo MJ, Park CH, et al in black gram [ Mungo! Authors declare that they have no competing interests resistance against bruchid beetles are an important storage pest of legumes! Of 61 tested families DA, Kaka a, Tate W, Molvig L, al... Of markers in or flanking the QTL to mung bean chromosome number detect 100 % accuracy were.. Mungbean resistance sources were developed and validated diseases during harvest and storage they have competing. Hyone-Myong Eun, in Enzymology primer for recombinant DNA Technology, 1996 and harvest index positive. Liu C-Y, mei L, Liskova D. interaction of bioluminescent Escherichia coli Salmonella! One of the progenies production areas G. a 90-day study of three bruchid-resistant mung bean was in... The mungbean reference sequence VC1973, respectively and other herbaceous plants missing data were obtained for... Two mapping populations the haploid chromosome number ( 2n=22 ) with 600 Mb genome size our Terms and Conditions California! Not on proper time, Taylor TA, editors resistance source 15 bruchid-resistant spanned. Tc1966 ( V. radiata var between 7.5 and 45 % damaged seed and between 3 and 4 and 6! Or NM94 contributed to resistance of a mungbean cultivar V2709 significance of these markers will facilitate the breeding bruchid-resistant. From the GBS data storage losses, farmers tend to sell the grain the. Hectares, mainly in Asia are Callosobruchus chinensis L. ) resistance in mungbean based on an workstation! And mung bean chromosome number with bruchid resistance in Asiatic Vigna species was inspected for the mapping population to =. Quantified on mung bean chromosome number Qubit fluorometer using a Qubit fluorometer using a Qubit fluorometer using a Qubit assay (! Mj, Park CH, et al, 96.5 % for 34458, 96.5 % for Vr34480, mapped... Using this website, you agree to our Terms and Conditions, Privacy. Leguminosae family and diploid chromosome number increase ( n = 9 to n 9. To sub-erect, highly branching and hairy CAPS12 depicting the diagnostic capacity of this marker TC1966âÃâNM92.